A urinary tract infection (UTI) in children occurs when bacteria infect the urinary system, leading to inflammation. The urinary tract comprises the kidneys, which filter waste from the blood to produce urine, the ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, the bladder, stores urine and the urethra, which expels urine from the body.
What Are the Symptoms of UTI in Children?
Children with a UTI may show symptoms such as:
- Fever and vomiting
- Urine with a foul odor
- Increased irritability and crying
- Diarrhea
- Frequent or urgent urination
- Pain or discomfort during urination
- Pain above the pubic area
- Blood in the urine
- Pain below the ribs
These symptoms can mimic those of other health issues, so a proper diagnosis from a healthcare professional is crucial.
What Causes UTIs in Children?
It is caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli), which live in the colon. When these bacteria enter and multiply in the urinary tract, an infection occurs.
Who Is More Likely to Get UTIs?
UTIs are less common in children under five years old but are more frequent in girls due to their shorter urethra. Uncircumcised boys are also at a higher risk than those circumcised.
How Are UTIs in Children Diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves:
- Urine Testing (Urinalysis): To check for infection indicators.
- Kidney Ultrasound: To create images of the urinary tract and evaluate organ function and blood flow.
- Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG): An X-ray to identify any abnormal urine flow into the ureters and kidneys.
How Are UTIs in Children Treated?
Treatment options depend on the child’s age, symptoms, and the infection’s severity and typically include:
- Medications: Antibiotics to treat infection and pain relief medications.
- Increased Fluid Intake: To flush out bacteria.
How Can UTIs in Children Be Prevented?
Preventative measures include:
- Encouraging regular fluid consumption
- Changing diapers frequently
- Avoiding tight-fitting clothing and undergarments
- Avoiding caffeine, which can irritate the bladder
- Teaching proper hygiene practices
- Ensuring correct wiping techniques
- Avoiding tub baths and swimming
